A2经济2025夏季卷Essay解析

今天我们来分析一下A2经济44卷的Essay部分。

2. With the help of a diagram, consider whether economic efficiency can be achieved without government intervention in a market economy.

Whether...can的题，结构就是写can和cant.

这道题的争议点是写完market failure以后要不要写gov intervention和gov failure.

我个人认为是要写的。

原因在于新考纲下但凡考到efficiency的题，对应的policy都会出现在market scheme.

上面这道24年夏季1卷的题只看题完全看不出要写intervention. 而无论是AO2还是AO3都包含了policy的内容。由于题目完全没提policy，很多同学都没有写。report也提到了这一点：

回到考试题，这道题需要先写market什么时候efficient. 那最容易拿分的就是perfect competition.

这个点写完以后写market failure, 再写policy以及limitation即可。

1. Meaning of allocative efficiency + productive efficiency (AO1)

2. Characteristics of perfect competition (AO1)

3. SR equilibrium -> LR equilibrium -> AE and PE (AO2)

4. Meaning of market failure (AO2)

5. One type of market failure (AO2/AO3) + One policy (AO2) + Limitations of policy (AO3)

这里market failure可以写两种。

第一种是大家最熟悉的externality, 对应allocative inefficiency. Policy大家比较熟悉，我们不展开了。

第二种是monopoly. Private monopoly对应allocative inefficiency, policy写anti-trust law, limitation写dynamic efficiency; State-owned monopoly对应x-inefficiency, policy写privatisation.

3. Evaluate whether the marginal revenue product theory (MRP) always explains the differences in wages.常规的wage difference题。

1. Meaning of MR, MP, MRP (AO1)

2. Meaning of Labour supply (AO1)

3. Wage rate determination in perfect competition (AO2)

4. Wage difference: High MRP + inelastic demand -> higher wage (AO2)

5. Limitations of MRP (AO3)

6. Same MRP + monopsony -> lower wage in monopsony (AO3)

7. Same MRP + exploitation + discrimination -> lower wage (AO3)

AO3还有其他wage difference的factors可以写，包括supply, TU bargain, minimum wage等等。

4. A country with an open economy has falling demand for exports. Consider the view that monetary policy alone will solve this problem.

这道题有两个requirements.

首先要解释Exports下降的原因和影响 (我们推送反复说过一个aim的题都要写)

其次要写两个增加real GDP的policies.

1. Reasons: tariff/global recession (AO1)

2. Impacts: lower growth rate, unemployment (AO1)

3. Meaning of monetary policy (AO1)

4. Low interest rate -> higher AD (AO2)

5. Limitations of this approach (AO3)

OR

4. Devaluation -> higher exports (AO2) (Small open economy only)

5. Limitations of devaluation (AO3)

6. Alternative policy -> higher AD (AO2)

7. Limitations of alternative policy (AO3)

这道题大家的结构应该都没啥问题，比较容易漏掉的就是AO1那两个cause和consequence.

5. Evaluate how a country might increase its potential economic growth.

这道题也是一个aim的题，因此potential growth的好处也是要写的。

1. Meaning of potential growth + LRAS diagram (AO1)

2. Benefits of potential growth (lower inflation + current account surplus) (AO1)

3. Meaning of supply-side policy (AO1)

4. Market-based policy -> LRAS (AO2)

5. Limitations ofeachapproach (AO3)

6. Interventionist policy -> LRAS (AO2)

7.Limitations ofeachapproach (AO3)

SSP的内容在教科书414页。由于每个policy的limitation都不一样，答题的时候根据不同的policy写ineffectivenss才可以拿到最高的分数。

这道题去年考AS的时候大家已经写过一遍了，不知道大家还记得吗？

A2阶段我们学了更多的policy，因此有更多的内容可以答。