托福考情回顾
托福听力考情
【第一套】
L1：音乐，两个作曲家创作音乐，一个遵循规则，一个使用dissonance
🎯命中《听力真题汇编3 Practice6 Lecture3》
L2：文学，作家写一个关于怪兽的小说
L3：艺术史，文艺复兴的影响，导致语言变革和艺术风格的变化
【第二套】
C1：选课问题，提到设计领域的不对称设计
L1：哲学，古希腊的伊壁鸠鲁学派。这个学派推崇简单的生活方式，追求内心的宁静
C2：学生和老师讨论报社工作
L2：炼金术和现代科学的关系，介绍化学家波义耳
L3：生态学，加拿大的松树被外来物种真菌入侵
【第三套】
C1：学生和老师讨论下周请假和作业要求，提到作家福克纳的小说《喧哗与骚动》
L1：地质学，大陆形成的学说
C2：学生和书店职员讨论如何退还教材
L2：某物种灭绝的原因
L3：音乐家门德尔松，学者分析他姐姐对他创作音乐上的帮助
托福阅读考情
1.旧社会和新社会的灵长目动物的灵长目动物：例子猴子
2.非洲炼铁Iron in Ancient Africa
阅读命中《机经真题130篇》第89篇
3.甲烷methane
4.非洲撒哈拉农业
5.树的年轮和碳14测龄
6.一种蝴蝶数量下降，综合受到多个因素影响，其中一个是和某种蚂蚁相关，蝴蝶幼虫会通过模仿蚂蚁，进入他们的巢穴，发育的时候以蚂蚁幼虫为食
7.金星地球大气层atmosphere
8.北美殖民的Animal Farming
托福口语考情
第一套
Task1:
重复2021 年 6 月 26 日中国大陆上午场
Do you agree or disagree with the statement that children should do housework when they’re old enough?
Task 2:
Poetry Writing Course to be Canceled
For many years now, the humanities department has offered a poetry writing course every fall semester. Beginning next year. However, the poetry writing course will no longer be offered. According to the chair of the department the course is being canceled because of declining enrollment in recent years. "The classes have gotten a lot absence," she said, “So it's not worthwhile to continue offering them." She added that students who want to take a poetry writing course in the future will be able to register for a similar course at nearby States University.
Task 3:
Startle Defense
Over time, animal species have developed various defenses to avoid being attacked by other animals. Many animals defend themselves by remaining hidden and blending in with their surroundings. Some of these animals also protect themselves by using a startle defense. With this form of defense, an animal may startle or surprise an approaching predator by suddenly displaying a bright color and making a loud noise. While the predator is momentarily distracted by fear or surprise, the animal has time to quickly move to a new location and immediately conceal itself again.
Task 4:
two advantages of beta test.
1) receive feedback to improve the products. 例子：用了一堆那个专业的摄影人士，然后让他们进行相机产品测试，然后发现是那个闪光灯需要改进。
2) 它是一个免费的广告，就是它可以让测试者推荐给别人
第二套
Task 1
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important to help people who have moved into your neighborhood to feel welcome and part of the community.
Task 2
professor写信说每个老师要增加教一门undergraduate course, conversation里面的女生同意这个观点
Task 3
individuals reproduce at the same time to avoid predators, 用的例子应该是蝉，因为这些蝉它们会同时产卵，同时从地里爬出来，数量很多，所以他的捕食者们不太能影响他们生存
Task 4
房屋建设的问题，用的两个例子是他们会把房屋建到主干路上所以会造成交通拥挤。另一个是会影响当周围的风景，比如英国的海岸线周围的房子
第三套
Task1:
保护特定区域留作给人类的生息地还是全部都要保护？
Some people believe that certain places on Earth should be preserved and protected forever for human development. Others believe that humans should be able to use and develop all areas on Earth as the human population grows.
Task 2-4： 待补充
托福写作考情
A卷
【综合写作】
阅读：人类大脑缩小有三个原因
1. 气候变化
2. 农业
3. 肌肉质量的减少
听力反驳：
1. 气候up and down也没见着我们的大脑变大又变小，大脑的缩小跟气候变化不匹配，没什么联系
2. 农业革命全世界开始的时间不一样，但是大脑的缩小过程是同步的
3. 文章觉得肌肉减少了，控制肌肉的大脑组织减少了，教授觉得就算这算一个原因，也太minor了，不能fully explain大脑缩小的原因
【学术讨论】重复2023.9.23
Doctor
This week in class we are learning about different methods of advertising and their effectiveness. One advertising strategy that companies often use is to ask celebrities, famous entertainers, or sports figures to promote their products. However, some experts believe that it is more effective to have ordinary people talk about the product. Which of these two advertising strategies do you think is better?
Paul
I like the "ordinary people" approach. People are more interested in a product when they see people like themselves using the product. I think this is even true for clothing advertisements, which traditionally use famous models. People get a better idea of whether they like the clothes when they see all kinds of different people wearing them, and not just models.
Claire
I think the use of celebrities is really effective. The first thing an advertisement must do is grab viewers' attention. When a famous actor or sports figure appears in your advertisement, viewers first notice the celebrity, "what's this? I really like that person." they think. Then, once you have the viewers' attention, you can provide information about your product.
B卷
【综合写作】
阅读：Pretrels数量减少的三个原因
1. 非原始的捕食者，比如说猫
2. 城市灯光
3. 渔民捕鱼可能会误把这些petrels抓起来，因为它们也在吃鱼，所以可能会误入到鱼网里
听力给出solution：
1. 建立conservation fences，建两米高不能让猫跳过去，栅栏上有什么，所以这个猫不能爬
2. 让政府倡导人们在固定的季节关灯，因为通常会受这些灯影响的是一些刚学会飞的鸟，所以在他们学习飞行的季节关灯就可以
3. 因为这些鸟通常在白天捕鱼，所以只要让渔民在晚上收网和放网就可以减少被网误捕的问题
【学术讨论】独立写作改题
Doctor Diaz
Job sharing is a type of part-time employment in which one position can be shared by two part-time workers; that is, the two people share the work, hours, and pay of one job. Job sharing opens more opportunities to people who have other responsibilities, such as taking care of their children or studying, and who need flexible working hours. Do you agree or disagree that job sharing is good for workers? Why?
Andrew
I think job sharing provides employees with the flexibility they need to fulfill various responsibilities outside of work, such as taking care of their children, pursuing further education, or participating in personal endeavors. This arrangement allows individuals to have more control over their time and commitments, ultimately leading to greater overall well-being.
Claire
Well, I don’t think so. Effective communication is crucial for successful job sharing. However, maintaining consistent and clear communication between part-time workers can be challenging when they have different schedules or limited overlap at the workplace. For example, if two employees share customer service responsibilities in a retail store, gaps in communication due to different work schedules can result in delayed responses, inconsistent information, and customer dissatisfaction.
C卷
【综合写作】
阅读：一种在北美的野马mustang，需要限制它们在牧场上面的数量
1. 因为野马会吃掉很多的草overgraze，破坏土壤和整个牧场的动植物生态圈
2. 因为还有其他的farm animal，cattle 和 sheep等，野马太多会破坏整个牧场的carrying capacity
3. 野马喝水会破坏水质并且阻碍juvenile fish的生长
听力反驳：
1. 野马只是吃掉表层的草，不会破坏root，还能继续生长，另外野马的粪便粪便可以当做fertilizer，反而对草是有益的
2. 野马的存在可以保护sheep的数量，因为捕猎会同时捕这些动物，野马数量减少的话，就会捕更多羊
3. 野马的存在并不一定是对young fish有害。举了beaver的例子，之前这里有海狸，它们筑起了dams，减缓了water flow，更适合小鱼生长。后来海狸消失后，小鱼的数量反而下降
【学术讨论】重复2023.9.27家庭版
Doctor Diaz
Next week, we'll examine some challenges that managers face. One challenge is determining how much independence employees should have. Consider this: many managers give employees the freedom to set their own working hours. For example, an employee might choose to start the workday earlier than is typical. But other managers do not allow flexible schedules, arguing that they create problems. In industries where flexible work schedules are possible, do you think this policy would bring more benefits than adversities?
Claire
Flexible schedules are indeed a good idea. They can effectively address the issue of employees being late to work. By allowing individuals to start their work at the most convenient time for them, it not only benefits the employees, but also eliminates the need for supervisors to constantly check if everyone is "on time", This arrangement benefits everyone involved.
Paul
Claire brings up an interesting point, although I'm not fully convinced. What would happen if the employee's clients or colleagues need to reach them? If an employee is unavailable during the typical business hours when most people are conducting business, it could be inconvenient and even frustrating for others. This might negatively impact work relationships, which is not ideal for the company.
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